Intergovernmental Management Essay

1. What is the provision of the United States Constitution that may apply in the case of an agreement or compact between two or more states? Regarding the applicable provision of the United States Constitution is Section 10 of Article I. That section of the Constitution provides in part that â€Å"(n)o State shall, without the Consent of Congress †¦ enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State.† 2. Do you think that the proposal of James Raika to just enter into an agreement between the departments falls under that provision? Do you think that his proposal is reasonable? What do you see as the major advantage of that proposal? In your view, what is a major problem with this limited approach? The proposal of James Raika to enter into an agreement between the departments doesn’t fall under the provision without the Consent of Congress. The University Education is entitle to its rights and such as a moral duty to the state and that the Consent of Congress approval isn’t needed. James Raika’s proposal is reasonable with entering into an agreement with their counterpart in that other states to allow students to attend at in-state rates if a program is not offered in the home state of the student. What I see as an major advantage of the proposal is that the agreement would be easily understood to write and execute a plan. The major problem is introducing the idea of making an agreement between the departments in the two neighboring states may be overstepping the power granted to each one. In my personal view the major problem with this limited approach is that the states breaching there agreements and not following through with proposal plan in the near future. 3. Why do you suppose that Morgan James wants to take a more expanded approach? What do you think are some of the benefits of that approach? What do you feel are the potential problems? What would be the sequence of events for proceeding to try to gain approval? The reason why Morgan James wants to take a more expanded approach is to make sure they follow all the rules  and regulations so that there are not any issues concerning higher education. Morgan could probably want to seek full responsibilities of this major innovation approach. Even though her position as Executive Director’s position is appointed or elected that could be her reasoning into motivating this approach too. The sequence of events to try to gain approval would be the process of growth and passing of laws. In the growth stage of figuring out the proposed it will take the essential actions such as establishing stakeholders, to determine the needs of the neighboring states, and preliminary of forms/documents. Lastly, get the legislation to pass and signed into a law within each state that is party to the agreement. 4. If Margaret Smith is opposed to the idea, in either form, what are the implications? Why do you think she is against the idea? What might you be able to do to help coordinate a discussion between the parties? Margaret Smith seem to disagree by opposing to this idea. One reason suggest is that she does not like the idea legislative efforts at controlling the costs may be circumvented by some attempt at our higher education department to propose an agreement with another state to waive the out-of-state rates in many instances. Secondly, the different roadblocks that could be faced with different issues. What I might be able to do to help coordinate would be to meet with her and the other parties to show the prediction of costs and benefits of different point of views of the result.

Look at the Way Shakespeare Explores Relationships Between Men and Women in Measure for Measure Essay

When Shakespeare wrote Measure for Measure in approximately 1604, society was very sexist towards females and men were seen as the stronger sex, however Shakespeare included lots of strong female characters in his plays such as Portia in ‘Mercent of Venice’ and Lady Macbeth in ‘Macbeth’, he was aware that his plays wouldn’t change society and that unlimitedly, women are regarded as subservient to men. They were not allowed to vote, state their real opinions, go to university and they were never formally educated; their only expected roles in life were to run the household and provide children. Consequently, many men regarded their wives and daughters as possessions who were expected to abide by their husbands and fathers no matter what. When it came down to relationships with the opposite sex, virginity was regarded as a virtue and a prize. Men expected their wives to be pure in preparation for marriage and the women that had ‘succumbed to the pleasures of the flesh’ before they were married were considered ruined women. Men however were encouraged to learn the arts of seduction and some men of the higher class were sent to Italy to learn the art. In the society of Measure for Measure, men clearly use and abuse women. One of the main characters Angelo is placed in charge of the city in Vienna by Duke Vincentio. The Duke had been quite an easy going ruler who feels that it is time to clean up the Viennese society and administer a greater sense of honour. He chooses Angelo because of the strong characteristics and principles that he has make him stand out for being the perfect person to do so. Despite his name being a play on the word ‘angel’, he absurdly proves to be the villain of the play and along with several other male figures, he uses not only his gender but also his position of power, to exploit several members of the ‘weaker’ sex. When Angelo takes authority as ruler in the Duke’s absence he immediately wishes to make a mark. Unbeknown to him, the Duke has disguised himself as a Friar and has returned to Vienna to observe how Angelo administers ascendancy. Angelo initially comes forth as beyond criticism and determined to rule with an iron fist. When he discovers that a nobleman called Claudio has slept with his partner impregnated her, he orders Claudio be executed as an example to the citizens of Vienna, that such immorality will not be tolerated. The nobleman Claudio is introduced to us in Act 1 Scene 2. As he is being led away to prison, his friend Lucio asks the meaning of ‘this restraint’ and queries as to weather or not it is because of ‘lechery’. Claudio agrees that to a degree, his crime is one of being too lenient in terms of sexual activity and we recognize that this is a society where men and women are expected to show self-control before marriage. Claudio talks about his lover, Julietta with a certain degree of dominance; we learn he had ‘possession’ of her bed but in his justification it was ‘upon a true contract’ and it seemed the liaison was consensual. But also ‘upon a true contract’ could also mean that Julietta has donated herself to the dominant member of the relationship. Also this statement makes the ‘relationship’ appear to be almost a deal or an agreement – in which has been made between the two characters. He also argues that they were as good as engaged but were waiting for the right moment to reveal the news to her family. Their sexual relationship is regarded by Claudio as ‘mutual entertainment’ and we realise that both can be held responsible for their crime however Julietta is now pregnant and they cannot hide their actions from others who can see the ‘shame’ of their union. In addition, the word mainly focused upon, is ‘possession’. This word once again reflects the sexism surrounding this era; in that the male is the dominant and most significant person. Therefore, it is clear that the women (being Julietta in this case) is almost an in-animate object, which is owned or ‘possessed’ by the man. Claudio’s sister, Isabella, is an aspiring nun and when she first heard about her brother’s arrest she snaps at Angelo with ‘make me not your story’. She honestly doesn’t believe that her brother has committed such sin and thinks it is all a story. When she comes to plead for her brother’s life, she is clearly virtuous and innocent; untainted by the ills of society and ready to offer up her life to God. Angelo is overtaken by his desires and attracted to her virtuous nature. He offers the proposition that Isabella ‘yield up’ her body to his ‘will’ and he in turn will grant a pardon for Claudio. The word ‘yield’ suggests Isabella should give in or cower before Angelo’s might as a man and as a ruler. It reflects how Elizabethan men thought of women as possessions, objects and caring about only their bodies and not their souls; that when it came to sex before marriage, women were meant to give up their bodies. Isabella is horrified and refuses, believing that by sacrificing her virginity, she sacrifices her soul. The word ‘will’ shows that Angelo dominates and expects to be obeyed in the ‘relationship’, despite her opinions or rights. As a man in a superior position, Angelo is used to being obeyed and his demands are to be met. This shows us that men treated women as objects to satisfy their needs. In light of how sexist this play has been, at the end of the play in scene 5 I become almost convinced of how vile the Duke is. He tries to portray himself as this great big hero when he helps Isabella save Claudio; but then injustices that by punishing Lucio so harshly. Prostitutes in those days were thought of as strumpets and marriage with such a person was a ‘sin’. So, Lucio is given an option to marry the whore he impregnated but he never has to repent for what he did. Actions like this in the Viennese society were highly frowned upon and this highlights even more how badly men thought about women in these situations because Lucio was devastated when the Duke told him his sentence. Isabella, originally on the verge of becoming a nun, finds herself about to marry the Duke. It is interesting that she is not given a chance to reply to the Duke’s marriage proposal in the play. She is assumedly very content to become the spouse of the town’s leader, mainly since he has saved her brother’s life. But at the same time this situation reinforces her loss of sexual independence. The central conflict in the play revolves roughly around Isabella’s rejection to follow the ways of the majority of the women in Vienna. Her marriage to the Duke confirms her virtue while denying her independence. There are no independent women in Measure for Measure. This is not strange, considering the setting and Shakespeare’s own era. But Measure for Measure gives its women characters even less freedom than other Shakespearean plays. Isabella is the one exception in that she refuses to respond to Angelo’s advances. However, she is still obedient toward the Duke, following all of his instructions. At the conclusion of the play, the Duke administers punishment to all of the people who have done wrong and rewards the good. Angelo is told to marry Mariana, and he escapes death at her request. The Duke probably does not want to execute Angelo, but wants it made clear that his crime deserves such a punishment. Mariana’s reward is Angelo, which she takes happily, although the Duke tells her that he is unworthy of her love. Claudio is allowed to marry Juliet, and Lucio is punished by being made to marry a prostitute. Marriage is not a specific punishment or reward; however in this situation it is definitely a punishment.

Basant A Lost Festival Of Lahore English Literature Essay

Basant A Lost Festival Of Lahore English Literature Essay Basant, an event that marks the coming of spring, an event that would bring together people from all walks of life, an event that would cover the sky with colors, an event that would spread happiness ubiquitously. It was celebrated with a lot of vigor, passion and enthusiasm in Punjab, but unfortunately this vibrant and full of cheerfulness festival is becoming more of an historic event due to some unwise acts on part of illiterate, ignorant and reckless citizens. The ignorance of few has snatched away the happiness of million others and deprived the country of a great cultural festival. Basant is a centuries old cultural tradition of Punjab. Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, all alike, celebrated it with great joy and gusto. Yellow is the color of the day as it depicts the blossoming spring flowers and the yellow mustard fields of Punjab. Girls would wear yellow saris and dupattas whereas boys would include yellow turbans in their clothing. There are no barriers of religions or different socio-economic class; everyone would get together and praise the day. Girls would get on the swings and sing the customary Basant songs that reflected the liveliness and romance of life in Punjab. Kite-flying was one of the main activities on the day and there would be competitions among people to cut loose others’ kites. There cant be a better place to celebrate this day than the cultural and historic capital of Punjab, Lahore. It is also known as extremely festive and the most happening city of Pakistan. During the February of almost every year the sky above Lahore is filled with colorful kites during daytime and with white kites at night. Words like Booo Kata, Patang, Pecha, Pinna and Charkhi can be heard almost everywhere. Music and dance is everywhere and the air is filled with the aroma of intoxicating traditional food. Everyone is involved in this festival and all enjoy the spectacle of hundreds of multi-colored kites filling the sky above their beloved city of Lahore heralding the coming of a new spring. In the early days Basant was confined to the old-walled city, however over recent past it has spread to far corners of the city as well. People from different places celebrate this day in their unique style; some do it by flying kites while others get together and enjoy traditional food and bhangra music. While I was researching about Basant in Gwalmandi (area near old food street), I interviewed this young lad about the age of 15. I asked him what do you know about basant. He replied..† jab hum patangein uratay hein..† (the day when we fly kites). When I asked him about his preparations for that day, I was surprised to hear about his passion. He told me that he would start saving money from his pocket money 2-3 months before Basant. He would use those savings to buy kites and strings and collect them until the day of Basant. It is celebrated with great joy in Lahore, as Daily Times states:

Managing Employees performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Employees performance - Assignment Example Some of the most commonly used ‘traits’ include ‘dependability’ ‘attitude’, ‘attendance’, ‘initiative’, ‘cooperation’, ‘overall output’, etc. The employee could be given a rating on a scale of one to five for each of these traits. Here, 5 could represent ‘excellence’ and 1 could represent ‘poor’. 3 stands for acceptable but not outstanding standards. The total attained by the employee is a good indicator of his/her overall utility for the enterprise. The graphic rating scale can either be continuous or discontinuous. The forced distribution appraisal method is a modern management concept. It is more formal and structured compared to traditional models. It differs from traditional models in that it takes into consideration numerous employee performance parameters. The objective is not merely to find ‘justifications’ for an employee’s remuneration structure, but also to constructively identify weak and strong areas. In this manner an employee is offered a feedback for all-round development of skills. For example, the forced distribution appraisal method will grade employees across performance scales. This will help the management to offer inputs on their career development, training needs and optimal reward structures. There are several principles that make forced distribution methods successful. Firstly, the evaluator is given a predetermined distribution scale to fill up. ‘Job performance’ and ‘eligibility for promotion’ are given special attention. A five point performance rating scale is the norm, where employee traits are assessed only quantitatively. The worker can come out as ‘good’, ’bad’ or somewhere in between with respect to the traits. A graph can then be constructed with the rating designated to X-axis and’ number of employees’ to the Y-axis. What usually transpires is a Norman distribution curve with a majority

Operation and sizing of energy storage for wind power plants in a Term Paper

Operation and sizing of energy storage for wind power plants in a market - Term Paper Example Wind energy provides a priceless supplement for the energy sources available conventionally across the world. However, the sporadic nature of wind energy limits the maximum penetration of wind power that can be made available for the networks of electricity (Korpas, Hildrum and Holen 1). Also, since production in wind power experiences significant fluctuations, it becomes difficult for the owners of the wind power plants to sustain against the competition in the emerging markets of electricity. Some of the significant factors in relation to the operation and sizing of energy storage for wind power plants in a market include the impact of the mechanisms of the electricity markets, constraints of the transmission line, and forecast of the accuracy of the wind power. These factors together determine the advantages and disadvantages of the storage of wind power. Considering all these issues, a computer model has been developed to achieve the scheduling and operation of the resources bein g distributed in the market system (Korpas, Hildrum and Holen 1). The present study discusses on the operation and sizing of the energy storage for wind power plants in a market. ... In case of generation of excess electricity, often wastage occurs. Countries like the United Kingdom (UK) have reported huge payments for power that remained unused since the year 2011. The cost of such unused power shifts on to those who pay the taxes. Continuous research is being conducted to determine the causes of a marketplace leading to power wastage. Over the years, greater attention has been drawn on the hydro-electric storage and use of more modern battery and fuel cell systems. Cryogenic energy storage (CES) has been obtained as one of the most effective measures for capture and storage of electricity, the process being highly innovative and new. It is expected that CES will be able to solve the current problems of wind power storage of energy (Lo). Hydro-Storage for Wind Power Energy: It is being researched and suggested that higher rates of pumped hydro storage would benefit the storage of wind power. This process enables storage of energy through water being pumped from a low reservoir to a reservoir located at a higher location. The method is applied in case of excess of energy. In case of wind energy, this is helpful when wind blows hard at the nights. Thus when the energy is needed, the valves of the storage can be opened up and the water can be allowed to run through the wind turbines. This is a process similar to all hydro stations (Richard). Cryogenic energy storage (CES) for Wind Power Energy Storage: As discussed, one of the most prominent problems in regard to the storage of wind power energy is the intermittency of the power, making the issue of energy storage highly critical. Engineers have in the present times focused on cryogenic energy storage where they have established technology trying to create a modular, scalable

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) Essay - 1

Business Management And Leadership - Leading (U4GP) - Essay Example ht to ensure that measures were taken which would prevent as far as possible a recurrence of the problem; and they showed themselves to be prepared to bear the short term cost in the name of consumer safety. That more than anything else established a basis for trust with their customers.† Still, more could have been done to prevent the issue or better manage the crisis. The biggest problem on Johnson & Johnson’s side was a design flaw in the pills that were contaminated: they were capsules. The capsules could be broken apart and put back together, which allowed for tampering on store shelves. Even though the tampering was not their fault, the responsibility for the safe design of the pills rested on their shoulders. Another problem was that the packages were not safety sealed where tampering could be easily detected. Had Johnson & Johnson fixed these designed flaws when the first crisis occurred in 1982, the second one may never have come to pass. Better research and development along these lines would have helped them better manage the crisis. Perpetrators are always looking for new ways to commit their crimes, so Johnson & Johnson must continuously be prepared for new ways of tampering to occur. This is especially true with the advent of new technologies that could possibly allow for even the most seemingly tamper-resistant packaging to be breached or for false packages to be placed on shelves in order to fool unknowing consumers. Essentially, the company needs to stay on its toes and carefully consider the different ways in which tampering could possibly occur with their different products in order to protect itself from both internal and external product contamination cases. Furthermore, Johnson & Johnson should always keep its employees informed about how to spot potential dangers and give them a protocol to follow in case they occur. Just because they made it through the first round of crises with flying colors does not mean that they could

650 questions 1 and 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

650 questions 1 and 2 - Assignment Example So no, avoiding unethical or illegal behavior had better not be in conflict with the goal of the firm unless its executives wish to find themselves facing prosecution. Yet Lockheed found itself in hot water many years with the US Government for giving bribes to foreign officials, even though it was accepted practice in the host countries. The very nature of a corporation develops an agency relationship between the stockholders and management. An article in the Yale Law School Repository shows the problem develops when the upper management’s ideas of running the company begins to conflict with the wants of its real owners, the shareholders, whose main goal is making money. It specifically mentions such things as country club membership and private use of the corporate jet. Unless those perks are contracted and part of the executives’ bonuses, such personal joys would be illegal and a definite conflict of interest (Macey). East Coast Yachts has a very complicated cash flow. If it costs $435 million to have $617 million in sales of its boats, that would mean each quarter the company would need in excess of $100 million just to continue its manufacturing process. How they have been managing thus far and still continue to pay almost $18 million in dividends in 2008 is amazing. All it would take is one market dip for the company to be headed for financial trouble. However it is true that the average luxury sea craft buyer has little concern for economic downturns, as the sales figures for super yachts have shown to have grown astronomically during one of the worst periods of recession since the Great Depression (Boat). It seems that East Coast has grown considerably, in that assets increased $40 million between 2009 and 2010. With a net $17.8 million growth in debt in the current year, the company raised much needed capital. Ms Warren has admitted that poor planning has led to a volatile situation.

Scheduling Models for an Inpatient Nursing Unit Assignment

Scheduling Models for an Inpatient Nursing Unit - Assignment Example Below is a recommendation on the unit’s scheduling model. A flexible scheduling model is recommended for the unit because of its suitability for the unit’s environmental factors and because of its advantages relative to cyclical scheduling that the unit applies currently. One of the characteristics of flexible scheduling is its ability to adjust to changing environmental factors that are expected of the unit. Possible change from agency hiring identifies potential delay in filling vacancies and therefore temporary staff shortage. In addition, change implementation such as the introduction of a new electronic nursing documentation system and associated need for training induces temporary burden on personnel. The same effect is expected from the expected leave of an employee and a flexible scheduling approach would ensure ability to meet extra needs at minimum cost and efficiently. Being used to a flexible system, employees will likely accept changes for accommodating extra needs that if a cyclical system, which fixed, was in place. A ssociated resistance with cyclical system that would require temporary hiring of personnel or hiring of additional personnel o cover temporary shortages solves the cost problem. I addition to the cost and effectiveness advantages, flexible scheduling ensures personnel innovation, motivation, satisfaction, and unity and ensures that personnel work within their capacities. These also ensure sufficient coverage, quality, and stability. The scheduling approach requires coordination among personnel, who share patient, for quality output. Cyclical scheduling is not suitable for the unit’s dynamic environment, even though it has such benefits as â€Å"even coverage, high stability, and lower cost† (Ozcan, 2009, n,.p.). Interchanging shift patterns is also recommended because of the flexibility advantages. Implementing the change from

Marketing essential Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing essential - Coursework Example Headquartered in Atlanta, USA, Coca-Cola is one of the world’s most well-known companies. Since inception, the company has grown by leaps and bounds and as of today has business operation in more than 200 countries (Coca-Cola, 2013). Coca-Cola Company is the worlds primary manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverages and other food items. Of the 400 brands that the company has in its repertoire, 16 of them generate revenue of more than $1 billion every year. Its flagship brand Coca-Cola is literally a household name and is liked by millions of people around the globe. The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is to ‘to refresh the world - in mind, body and spirit, to inspire moments of optimism’. The company attempts to create value and make a difference through its products and actions. (Coca-Cola, 2013). While the company relentlessly pursues its mission, it has developed a set of goals so as to cater to the needs of various stakeholders like people (great place to work for employees), partners (taking care of the interest of vendors, suppliers, and bottlers), planet (sustainability measures), profits (maximizing shareholders returns) and portfolio (building brands that satisfy customer needs). Coca-Cola is in sound financial health. The behemoth registered net operating revenues of $ 48,017 million in 2012, up from $ 46,542 million in 2011. The total assets of the company as of December 31, 2012 stood at a mammoth $ 86,174 million. In addition to the carbonated soft drinks like Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Sprite and Fanta, CCGB also manufactures and markets the Oasis still fruit drinks, the Powerade isotonic sports drink and Abbey Well water in Great Britain. CCGB also owns the Schweppes and the Glaceau Vitamin Water brand. SWOT analysis refers to the study of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. While the strengths and weaknesses are identified by scrutinizing the

CSR & Ethical Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CSR & Ethical Practice - Essay Example One advantage of business ethics is that it helps an organisation to achieve competitive advantage (Shaw, Barry, & Panagiotou, 2010). A company that engages in ethically sound business practices improves customer loyalty and trust. In this case, the consumers become loyal to the brand even if the company is facing difficult financial times. Therefore, companies will always set their ethical standards depending on organizational values. In the long run, consumer confidence increases with ethical responsibility. According to Carroll (2013), the underlying assumption is that business ethics benefits the society since it is the main basis for social responsibility among organisations. On the other hand, business ethics leads to more accountability and integrity in the organisation. The implication is that sound business ethics obligate company employees to become more responsible in certain operations like financial reporting (Choi, & Pae, 2011). Another remarkable strength of business ethics is that it makes organisations realise that their success is more than profitability (Carroll, 2013). Some of the models of business reporting like the triple bottom line approach came up as a result of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. In this case, companies focus their reporting on people, planet, and profit (Slaper, & Hall, 2011). Therefore, ethically companies have the obligation to report their financial performance, environmental as well as social performance. The triple bottom line approach recommends that company survival depends on their ability to make profits, encourage sustainable and ethical business conducts (Henriques, & Richardson, 2013). The underlying assumption is that business ethics is a prerequisite for sustaining an investment. Consumers have confidence on the company that protect environment and contribute to the well-being of the society (Choi, & Pae, 2011). On the contrary, business ethics has a negative effect

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay Supply chain management is an oversight of processes when moving goods from the stage of customer order to the raw material stage and it includes the supply, production and distribution of products to the customer. Every organization has supply chain of different levels, depending upon their size and type of product they are manufacturing. Their aim is to provide the customer with enough information necessary to give the value that they demand and to gain the information regarding the customer too. The ultimate goal for any supply chain management is to reduce its inventory. For a successful supply chain, software systems are provided with web interfaces to provide the customer with enough information they demand. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both very renowned organizations, one known for its food products and the other for athletic footwear, equipment and accessories for sports and fitness activities. Both of these organizations adopted supply chain management systems in order to lower down their inventories and to increase their profit. But both of them failed in achieving their objective which was to reduce the inventories. The main mistake made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they hired a supply chain system costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. The supply chain system was supposed to put in data of everything from production to delivery. But getting software from three different providers created unpredicted delays and complex problems in implementation. Also, another mistake made by the organization was that they implemented the whole system at once instead of in stages. So therefore they faced problems in placing the orders and then executing them to warehouse for fulfillment. The problem faced by NIKE, inc. was a bit more complex, as said by 12 technologies marketing Chief Katrina Roche â€Å"NIKE problems were not tied to the software but to the way the software was installed. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his company accepts the responsibility for â€Å"not being more aggressive in telling them that they needed to follow our implementation methodology. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) 12 technologies wanted to track each and every little product of NIKE which made the job more complex and therefore it took their time more than they had expected. The NIKE people made the same mistake as Hershey foods, that they implemented the system before they were ready to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) So overall at initial stage supply chain systems were a bad experience for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are certain things which if the company would have followed then hopefully the things must have been the other way round. First of all only one supply chain system provider must be hired for the software, as more than one supply chain systems for same job results in failure. Then provider’s implementation methodology is very important for client to follow in supply chain systems especially when they are modified to suit client’s requirement. More over supply chain systems are very complex as they have to track over numbers of product varieties so therefore it must be implemented in stages rather than executing it at once. And if the company is switching from one system to another then first the system should be tested in order to check whether it is fulfilling the company’s requirements or not. ?

Inflation in saudi arabia

Inflation in saudi arabia Introduction Has resulted in the volume of global monetary easing restrictions and taxes over the past two years, many observers suggest that compared to a rise in inflation all but inevitable. Since the budget of the Federal Reserve extended only $ 800 billion to 2.2 trillion U.S. dollars in less than a year, and many believe that the sharp price pressures emerge, almost regardless of the pace of recovery in the total production. These concerns are also evident in Saudi Arabia. Inflation has moderated significantly since 2008 to the mid-high percent 11. But some local commentators fear that raised sharp rise in the prices of both the government and expansion of strong financial (increase spending by 10 per cent of GDP in 2009), and high rates of inflation in the world of food in the country through the import channel. These fears are justified? To answer this, we will examine inflation peak of 2007-08, in order to obtain a better understanding of the main causes of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We will take this into account developments in 2009, when inflationary pressures rather quickly, before going on to study the possibilities of short and medium term for the different programs, both nationally and internationally. Some inflation is a good thing. In a period of deflation households tend to postpone consumption in waiting further down the prices to come. This, in turn, forces companies to delay investment decisions, which means that output at the end starts to decline and unemployment rates will rise. Increase in real interest rates also, triggering defaults and tightening credit. However, the hyper-inflation and unwelcome. Also price-distorting, and inflation erodes the rapid increase in savings, and reduces the value of profits in the future (and thus discouraging investment), stimulates capital flight (in the foreign assets and precious metals, real estate or non-productive) and held economic planning. In its most extreme, could spark inflation, social unrest and political turmoil. Thus, the rate of moderate and stable and predictable growth of prices for both producers and consumers and investors to feel comfortable, is a universally recognized goal of monetary policy. What was the experience of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? Inflation in Saudi Arabia Is a measure of inflation in the Kingdom in two ways: through the cost of living (CLI) and the index of wholesale prices, which are both there and published by Department of Statistics and Information (a government department which is completely separate from the central bank and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency). There are periodic surveys of labor productivity or inflation expectations. Saudi Arabia has a history of low inflation and stable CLI is composed of hundreds of products, and builds index 1999. Energy costs and the rental together represent about 44 percent of the total index. And supports about 10 percent of goods and services in the Qatari initiative by the authorities, particularly petroleum products and electricity. Is fixed the prices of these goods for long periods, and therefore rarely have any impact on changes in the CLI. For these reasons, there is no distinction between inflation and the title of core, which excludes food and energy prices. And guided by the Central Bank and the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, through public policy to maintain price stability in the exchange rate. Under a fixed barrier, such as those enjoyed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and price stability, in theory, take a back seat to keep the exchange rate. However, for long periods in the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia both targets have been comfortably accommodated. Consumer prices rose at an annual rate of 1.3 percent in 1990 and 0.1 percent in the period 2000-06, while there was only a modest factor occasional pressure on the exchange rate. The inflation path sweet reflects a number of factors, including economic activity generally moderate, and easy access to cheap imports, and labor market flexibility, and open capital account. This has helped the fixed exchange rate itself to reduce inflationary expectations. High inflation began to emerge in 2007 This has begun to change in 2007. In that year, and the acceleration of inflation in consumer prices to an average annual rate of 4 percent (from 2.4 percent in 2006), and ending the year at 6.5 percent. Prices continued to grow rapidly in 2008 with inflation of 12 months, reaching a peak of 11.1 percent in July. Observers focused on the exchange rate peg Inflation has grown rapidly, despite the tightening of monetary policy in the early and strong are the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, including a sharp increase in work requirements and the Central Bank issues an escalation of Treasury Bills. Has resulted in the ineffectiveness of these measures many commentators to focus on the Saudi riyal, the U.S. dollar. He highlighted two specific issues. First, linking and the generation of imported inflation, according to observers. High inflation and coincided with the sharp weakness in the value of the U.S. dollar against most major currencies, with its value against the trade-weighted basket of currencies (the nominal effective exchange rate) fell by about 4.3 percent in 2007 and increased 3.7 per cent in 2008, after 1 , 5 percent in 2006. Has developed this upward pressure on import prices and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and therefore, according to the prices of many from Saudi Arabia, and retail. Have been reported on the constraints imposed on monetary policy Another explanation focuses on monetary policy. Connectivity forced fixed space policy of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, and restrictions on what can lead to this interest rate and the growth of domestic credit. If the rate of Saudi Arabia has moved too far out of line with the rates of the United States, then the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency to the risk of attracting capital flows side Put upward pressure on the exchange rate. Have been identified and this limitation is particularly salient because of commercial bank lending and rapid expansion. , In mid-2008, bank lending to the private sector has been growing at 35 percent a year on an annual basis is not as high as is the case in some other Gulf countries, but rapid enough to suggest that the Saudi economy was overheating. Unfortunately, with the United States to reduce the speed mode, there was little can be done by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency that it is up the growth of liquidity in line with the essentials. International Monetary Fund more of the characteristics of the inflationary pressures on food inflation and business partners The justification for linking the Centre on the exchange rate? The dramatic rise in the rate of inflation is primarily a product of the limitations of monetary policy and the weak dollar or the interaction of several factors more complicated than this? In fact, evidence suggests that the main causes of inflation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, both short-term inflation and long-term partner is the commercial and food prices all over the world. Fixed exchange rate also helps, but mostly to help. International Monetary Fund, which conducted extensive research on this Topic2 enough, and believed that without adjusting the exchange rate (and not under the horizontal bar), an increase in the prices of imported goods have a direct and fast on domestic prices in saudi arabia. Food prices, which can be seen both as a source of inflation on business partners and external factor in a part of has had a strong impact on prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Internal factors such as increases in aggregate demand, they play only a minor role, according to the International Monetary Fund. This largely explains the limited impact of changes in interest rates in the UK (see chart below) 0.3 Particularly the International Monetary Fund believes that the search to increase the price per cent in levels of trading partners results in an increase of 0.83 percent of the price level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Pass-through effect is the effect of changes in the nominal exchange rate is relatively modest increase of one percent (estimate) IsoDraw results in a 0.19 percent decline in the price level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Exchange rate pass-through is weak, according to the International Monetary Fund Because the exchange rate pass-through is very weak? International Monetary Fund notes that while the changes in price levels of trading partners, usually permanent, and changes in exchange rates are not. Therefore, exporters, Bearing this in mind, and the need to protect its stake in the Saudi market, you may be willing to absorb all or part of the exchange rate effect by adjusting the profit mark-up market price. Similarly, the Saudi importers may also adjust the profit mark-ups to maintain market share. It also puts the IMF said that the market share of the profits today determines tomorrow (in fact, this phenomenon has been well documented in other countries) The IMF attributes little impact on internal factors such as inflation, government spending and monetary policy. This, perhaps, overlooking the impact of changes in total domestic demand in the area of non-commercial, such as rental costs, and will look at later, as well as on asset prices, which are not covered in this document. However draws a large crowd out of the fund makes sense, given that the expression is usually an increase in domestic demand through the import channel, rather than to be in demand for domestically produced consumer goods (which are limited). Interest rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Is the definition of the scope of monetary policy by the exchange rate peg, and this is why politics has traditionally tended to be negative. However, there is evidence to suggest that even if the authorities were free to adjust interest rates to their will, and this would be only a limited impact on inflationary pressures in the Kingdom. With many shops located on the Kingdom of the Arab-Islamic, and the stock market the only realistic alternative for liquidity, and broadcast signals interest rate tends to be low in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. This is evident in the storage activity in 2009: total deposits increased by more than 11 percent last year, despite the sharp decline in interest rates on deposits nominal (from 2.89 percent on average in 2008 to 0.63 per cent in 2009) The downside of this is the lack of sensitivity to interest rates on loans. In its efforts to offset the impact of the global financial crisis, which held the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency monetary tightening very quickly in the late 2008s and early 2009. And lower interest rates (in line with the rates of the United States), was reduced reserve requirements, has been reduced treasury bill auctions, and carried out operations to pump liquidity into the banking system directly. However, this does not encourage commercial banks to increase lending to the private sector, however, loans contracted slightly during 2009. In short, even if the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency and have full control over interest rates is not certain that this will enable him to exercise a decisive influence on the levels of credit or deposits in the economy. SPIKE 2007-08 inflationary Review of the 2007-08 high rates of inflation, we can see that the factors identified by the International Monetary Fund has already play an important role. The main driver of earnings of 4 percent in 2007, its index is the pick-up and pronounced in food prices, which rose by 7 per cent. This category includes the largest weighting of the Central Administration of Statistics basket with 26 per cent. Within this category there were significant increases in the prices of vegetables and tubers (30%), and fresh vegetables (12%) and fish (12%) and cereals (7%), meat and poultry (6 percent). Inflation trends in recent Inflation and cool quickly After reaching a peak of 11.1 percent in July 2008, began to cool inflationary pressures in the second half of 2008 and declined somewhat quickly in 2009. And price growth fell to about 4.5 percent by the end of 2009 (an average of 2009 from 5.1 per cent) and stabilized at around this level in the first two months of 2010. This rate is slightly higher than the historical average over the long term, but also in the range of rapidly growing emerging markets such as Saudi Arabia. What caused this decline in price pressures? It was in fact the key factors external dampers that have been identified in advance. With the intensification of the global financial crisis in mid-2008, global economic confidence began to decline rapidly, and the prices of most commodities fell sharply. Food prices along with this trend, with the benchmark S P / Goldman Sachs index reduced by 28 percent between September and December 2008. The U.S. dollar strengthening a shadow on the appetite for agricultural products And dried in risk appetite as investors in the integrity and clear of the public debt of the United States, so the price of the dollar. This had an impact on the indicators made goods less attractive to investors than the dollar. These reduced prices and significantly reduce costs for importers to deal with the Saudi Trade on the basis of the dollar, like New York and Chicago boards of trade. Separately, and made a strong dollar is also cheaper for traders to import Saudi origin directly from the non-dollar countries, landlocked such as Canada, Brazil or Australia. These dynamics are clearly visible in Saudi Arabia index, which shows the component of food and beverages rose 2.5 percent between 2009 and December 2008 to June. Trading partners inflation has also facilitated the rapid At the same time, inflation among trading partners have also begun to soften. For example, the average inflation rate in the Kingdom of the four main sources of imports (the United States and China, Japan and Germany) has declined from 4 percent in the first quarter of 2008 to zero per cent a year later. Rate and then moved into negative territory for the remainder of 2009. In the autumn of this year in inflation pressure trading partners downward to develop a full range of goods imported into the index Arabia, even though most of these will not be arrested in certain categories of the index. Rent price inflation remained strong If high food prices are falling, and inflation of trading partners and turned negative, it maintained rates of inflation in the Kingdom? After all, at 4.5 percent, and inflation is still higher than historical norms. The answer is that the component has continued to hire the Qatari initiative for growth: The average inflation to spend the Christmas holiday and was 17.5 percent in 2008, and cools only slightly to 14 percent in 2009. With strong demand for rental expenditure At first glance, and a constant force of the Charter of the index is incompatible with the general deterioration of the confidence of the individuals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf in general. Private investment in the ground to arrest is imminent in the Kingdom of 2009, as credit dried up and drew the plans. However, unlike many of the governments in the Gulf region, said that the Saudi public sector resources to fill the gap left by the private sector and support investment. Increase in central government expenditure by 10 per cent of the remarkable GDP in 2009, and implementation of new projects for public infrastructure helped fuel the demand for expatriate workers, and kept upward pressure on rents Conclusion It is expected that a period of above-average growth in food prices to continue. Will use the structural changes in the global economy and agricultural products and the forces instrumental in raising the prices of basic commodities. He asked the local factors to put more pressure on consumer prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. About one third of the worlds population directly benefiting from what appears to be the sustainable economic boom in China and India. This will continue to raise living standards and changing patterns of food consumption, and high prices and demand and thus higher quality and more complex food. The need for raw materials for many of the new ethanol plants currently under construction to add more high food prices all over the world. A recent report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization projects that the percentage increase in the prices of agricultural products between 20 and 50 in the next 10 years. Forecasts by the Ministry of Agriculture in the United States also point to the continuing rise in the prices of major crops until the end of the decade. And will move higher agricultural commodity prices to consumers in the form of higher food prices in the shops.

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonalds

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonalds Since past few decades significance efforts have been made to improve the workers efficiency and effectiveness and in order to achieve this jobs structure have been made flexible. Some people have regret the loss of regular working pattern and the others are enjoying and taking the advantage of the flexible working hours (Prospect; 2008). The flexible working pattern has become very popular in many organisations and has contributed a lot in the employees life style in positive way. McDonalds The aim of the research is to find the role of flexible working hours in employees motivation. The organisation chosen to conduct the research is McDonalds UK Corporation. McDonalds is fast food service retailing chain of 30,000 restaurants famous for burgers and chips and is operating in 119 countries globally. Most of the restaurants are franchised. The company also operates under the name of The Boston market in US and has head quarters in US Oak Brook and employees more than 450,000 employees. The company had turnover of more than 20,000 million USD in 2009. (Data Monitor 2009) 1.2.1 McDonalds Employees In UK, McDonalds employs more than 50,000 people (not including franchisees staff) of which 57% staffs are male and 43% of staff is female and 66% of the hourly paid staff is aged between 16 and 20 years and 90% of staff are work for about 35 hours per week. Training of the staff is compulsory prior to start the job and is considered of great importance in the development of the employees. Flexible working practices give this opportunity to staff to fulfil their commitments with the family or education. Most of the managers in McDonald have started as hourly-paid and half of the companys middle and senior managers moved up from restaurant based positions. 2.1 RESEARCH AIM The aim of the research is to identify the role of flexible working in the employees motivation. The research has following objectives and questions. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of flexible working times in employee loyalty and satisfaction. To analyze the effect of flexible working on employees motivation and performance. To examine the benefits and limitations of adopting flexible working within the company To explore the flexible working practices currently followed by McDonalds To suggest recommendations to McDonalds to improve the flexible working arrangements to enhance the employees performance. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The proposed research questions are: What does flexible working means? How flexible working is being practiced in McDonalds? How McDonalds can improve retention rate through FWP? What have been the benefits and limitations of adopting the flexible working practices for McDonalds? LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review provides the foundation of the research on which result is built (Saunders; 2007). Theoretical concept and models described by the Harvard Framework of HRM and concept of Flexibility, Employee Loyalty, Cultural issues and Employee Retention will be reviewed in the literature study. Guests Theory of HRM Guest describes policies in strategic integration which ensure human resource management is integrated: first employees commitment to improve their performance through their behaviour, second flexibility ensuring flexible organization structure, third high quality service because of flexible working hours (Guest;1989). The concept of human resource management is to approach best practices which are acceptable universally. (Torrington: 2008) Flexibility Flexibility the term is being used in wide range of forms in organizations. For example internal flexibility shift of workers between different departments in an organization to benefit from their multi-skills. As an external flexibility hiring or subcontracting employees as per requirement. (Huws; 1999) Employee Loyalty A research of 3500 American workers investigates the relationship among work and life policies, informal support and employee loyalty over the life course. Flexible working practices have consistent and positive effects on the employees loyalty. (SpringerLink; 2004) Theories of Flexible Working Culture has deep effect on individuals and organizations in their life. Four types of cultural styles which are individual Culture (people work for themselves to live with basic needs or luxuries), Task Culture, Role Culture (Clearly defined roles are set out within a hierarchical structure) and Club Culture (Like-minded people loosely grouped around a charismatic leader). He describes the flexible working in the context of the cultural values of the individuals and organizations. (Handy; 1988) Employment Flexibility Pinfield and Atkinson (1998) present four approaches to increase employment flexibility to achieve competitive advantage. These are as follows: 1. Time flexibility. 2. Functional flexibility. 3. Distancing flexibility 4. Financial or Pay flexibility. The Flexible Firm A model for flexible firm in which it is divides its labour force into a core of permanent workers performing the key task and temporary workers to complete daily tasks. The temporary staffs protect the core group from change in demand in the labour market and reduce the labour cost and promote flexibility in the organisation. (Atkinson and Meager, 1986; Pollert, 1988; Hakim, 1987) (Keizer; 2008) Flexible working arrangements can play a valuable role in organizational performance Flexible working is beneficial in the interest of both employees and employers. Adopting the flexible working practices has identified significant reduction in staff sickness, absence, and turnover levels, employees retention, motivation. On the organization side it has enhanced the organization overall image. Employees can also choose their work-patterns to make a work-life balance. (CIPD; 2008) Employee Retention Employers can retain their staff most effectively. This retention is not because of the high payment but the highest level of reward by offering them other benefits such as flexible working hours. He says that employees can be retained if the organization offers job security, flexible working arrangements and career development opportunities (Taylor; 2002). RESERCH METHODOLOGY There are three approaches to research methodology Research approach Research strategy Data collection methods Research approach There are two types of approaches; deductive and inductive. In deductive approach the researcher tests and proves or disproves number of propositions and in the inductive approach the researcher would collect data and develop a theory as a result of analyzing the data. The approach for my study is both deductive and inductive. Research strategy The most commonly research strategies used are collecting data from number of organizations or a large group of respondents in order to explore the issues largely in the present to develop a theory or a case study to explore the issues both at present and in the past of an organization to proof the point and propose recommendations. I will be surveying one organization and will bring the facts of the past and present to light in the context of flexible working hours. (Jankowicz;1995) SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION Secondary data analysis is the analysis of data collected by another researcher or organization in order to discuss or explore an issue (Hakim; 1989). Secondary data can helps to define the research problems and can develop an approach, it is easy and quicker to access mostly through universitys library facilities as this data already been collected and published. This data can be collected in short space of time and it is cost effective. For this research work I will be using the journals, books, library resources and online databases such as Ebsco to collect the data. 4.1.2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION Primary data is normally regarded as being data which is collected by the original researcher who is using the data for further investigation (Oliver; 2002 p.14). In this research, I am intending to collect the data from both questionnaires and interviews to obtain the information about the employees attitude, behaviour and opinion about McDonalds and also the impact of flexible working practices within McDonalds. For this research it is appropriate to use both techniques for data collection. Qualitative Research Qualitative data refers to all non-numeric data or data that have not been quantified and can be a product of all research strategies. It can range from a short list of responses to open-ended questions and in-depth interviews (Saunders; 2007). In this research qualitative data will be collected by conducting interviews of the managers and the workers at McDonald. Five to seven people will be interviewed and they will be situational and snow balling technique will be practiced. Quantitative Research In this research, I will use the questionnaire in order to collect the primary data. I will use structured questionnaire in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. The structured questionnaire will be given to the employees working at McDonalds to get their point of view on how the companys flexible working is affecting their life style and performance. The questionnaires will give to 40-50 people in McDonald. They will not require replying immediately. However, discrete and careful monitoring will be carry out to make sure that the respondent answers all the questions. Data Analysis To analyze the qualitative data power computer software (CADAS) like NVivo ATLAS will be used. These are easy available in the market and in some universities as well. It is no longer necessary to undertake routine qualitative data management tasks manually such as sorting the data into categories and location subsets of these data according to specified criteria. (Saunders; 2007) LIMITATION OF STUDY Since flexible working motivates and improves performance of the employees, all the organisations are adopting flexible working system. All organisations are being encouraged by the UK Government to adopt flexible working practices due to many advantages which include cross culture diversity, reduce absenteeism and high turnover. As the research is being conducted in the UK and flexible working practices can differ across the branches in different localities in the UK. The future research could be carried to find out to what extent the other branches of the organisations is practicing the flexible working system. ETHICAL ISSUES, CONSENT AND ACCESS Ethical considerations are crucial in the data collection and handling process (Saunders et al; 2007). I will make sure that I abide by all the ethical rules and regulations while carrying out my research work. I will make sure that my interviewees know the purpose of the research and all the data will be kept confidential. One of the branches of McDonalds has already been informed. Researcher will also make sure the responses of the respondent are kept confidential and do not get in the hands of any other unauthorized person. The research will seeks to be fair, consistent and accurate in all aspects. Research planning Gant chart of the planning

John Steinbecks East of Eden - Confused Notions of Good and Evil :: East Eden Essays

Confused Notions of Good and Evil in East of Eden East of Eden is an epic novel about individual ethics - whether men and women have the power to choose between good and evil. East of Eden, to be polite, it is not Steinbeck's best novel. Not by a long shot. Steinbeck had wrestled with a moral question and lost. It was as though he had been thinking about life, but not too deeply. "East of Eden" was a third-rate best seller, the story of two American families over three generations, seven decades from the Civil War to World War I, told in a book that confuses us with contradictions, that lacks fictional concentration and that wanders in and around too many themes. Clifton Fadiman once said it was wrong to describe Steinbeck as a hard boiled writer. Well, if a comparison with eggs is necessary, "East of Eden" is an overdone omelet. Steinbeck himself worried about its weaknesses. In a letter to his editor, he said, "It's kind of a sloppy sounding book, but it's not sloppy, really." Well, it was sloppy. Begging the forgiveness of the people who gave Steinbeck the Pulitizer and the Nobel Prizes for Literature, there are portions of "East of Eden" that sound like something out of Freshman Composition I. Some of the syntax seems like scrambled eggs: - "All around the main subject the brothers beat." - "The wrinkles around them (his eyes) were drawn in radial lines inward by laughter." - "In human affairs of danger and delicate success, conclusion is sharply limited by hurry." All of which sounds a bit like Charlie Chan explaining life to No. 1 son. Steinbeck's "East of Eden" now has been adapted for television by ABC, an eight-hour presentation beginning tonight (Channel 5, 8 to 11), tomorrow (9 to 11) and Wednesday (8 to 11). This is no cheapie. Ten years in the making, "East of Eden" was shot on location at a cost of $11.2 million, with Savannah, Ga. standing in for Connecticut scenes and Salinas, Cal. for itself. ABC boasts in a press release that the 1955 film starring James Dean covered only a small portion of "East of Eden," while the 1981 film attempts to depict the entire novel. Ironically, by the way, today (Sunday) is the 50th anniversary of Dean's birth.

Advertising to 40+ Women :: Essays Papers

Advertising to 40+ Women We here at More feel it is time to change the representation of older women in the world of advertising, starting first with our own publication. In order to find answers to the problem of women over 40 lacking a voice and presence in magazine advertisements, we have enlisted the help of several advertising agencies. Each company was asked to devise a unique plan of action to better included mature women in our ads. The following three advertising agencies—GSD&M, Kaplan Thaler, and Dimassimo—have been selected because their individual approaches to our dilemmas were most successful in their accurate portrayal of older women. So read on and discover how these creative advertisers were able to not only solve our advertising problem, but also how they were able to expand and diversify our world of advertising by including people that look and think like you. Over the last few decades, there has been a significant rise in the number of women receiving college educations and a decrease in gender discrimination due to federal law. These two societal factors have helped the average woman to attain a higher paying job than ever before in our history. Presently, women are earning over half of all accounting degrees, 4 out of 10 law degrees, and just about that many medical degrees (Krotz 1). Therefore this gender group, which makes up about half of the American population, has a lot of monetary power. As a result, when women reach the peak of their earning power, they will have money to burn (Krotz 1). Women reach this peak around the age of 40 or older. In the last year alone, of all the women who purchased a new car, 53% were over 40 and so were 60% of those who bought new computers (Quinlan53). Evidently, the majority of buyers are older women. So why then is there a noticeable lack of this age group of women in magazine advertiseme nts? This is due to the simple fact that â€Å"there’s an 18-34 demographic desirability locked into corporate America’s mindset† (Quinlan 53). As a CEO of an advertising agency, Mary Quinlan can identify very well with the lack of mature women in the media. She relates to us, â€Å"I’ve sat in too many casting sessions where I’d hear, ‘We need one older woman to round out these models.

A Bloody Christmas :: essays research papers

Creative Story: A Bloody Christmas Hurry up Joe! It's 10:15, your fifteen minutes late!" Claire screamed from outside the dressing room with a hint of a New York Accent. Claire was Santa's helper at the mall. "I'm coming!" Joe yelled back. "Stupid kids, I hate kids." Joe mumbled to himself while getting himself dressed. Joe was the Santa at the local mall. Since Joe had just been released from the mental institution for insanity, the cost of the institution wiped him out of money so he needed the job badly. When the job was offered to him he had to take it. Joe was a scrawny man. Not your usual Santa Clause. He had no rosy cheeks or round belly, he didn't have the hearty laugh nor real white hair. His ribs poked out of his skin and his stomach looked like an empty cave. His eyes were pushed into his head way more than most people, the dark rings circling his made his eyes look like they were going to pop out any second. The bones of his cheeks showed through his dry, pale skin making him look like a zombie. "Let's go now!!" Claire screeched at the top of her lungs. Claire meant this time. Quickly, Joe stumbled out of the dressing room in a clumsy fashion. Looking like he had just chugged a couple of kegs, dragged his oversized Santa coat and pants with him hopping they wouldn't fall down and left the dressing room. Joe and Claire walked toward where Santa's hut was while watching a crowd gather around it. "Ya know Claire," Joe said, "I really hate my job." "Really," replied Claire in a sarcastic tone, "Who doesn't hate little brats crawling around on your lap." Joe sat down in his special Santa chair and waited for the first child to come forward. The fist kid was about five yrs. old. Joe thought he was disgusting. The child was wearing cuarteroy overalls with a white turtleneck underneath. The cuarteroys had crusty stains of peanut butter all down the front of his navy blue overalls. Making a revolting contrast between colors. The turtleneck seemed to have lost its whiteness a long time ago. It was imbedded with red pasta sauce and olive chunks glued to the sauce. His face wasn't very attractive either. On his left cheek a piece of spagetti attached to his skin dangled and dried mucus flaked off his upper lip. Joe leaned back in remorse wishing this was all a long terrifying dream. The kid hopped on his lap and in a happy voice said, "Hi Mr.

Prison Treatments Laws in New York State Essay

Michael E. Deutsch, Dennis Cunningham and Elizabeth M. Fink †Twenty Years Later — Attica Civil Rights Case Finally Cleared for Trial† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 13-25 This is a journal uses the commissioner, the director of the correctional, Russel Osward as a center role to recall the Attica Riot, condemning his failure of management of the prison regime and the inhumane assault he had set to end up the uprising. The government had covered the facts of violent assault of the riot for years, but it had been dug out by the protest of the riot survivors 20 years after the riot, and they finally won the negotiations and gained their civil rights. Quotations can be cited for discussing how the negotiation had gone through. It also provides me some background information of the riot. It also gives a sense of what kind of civil rights had been violated and what had been brought back. I can use thes e rights as reference to seek changes of the State laws. Vicky Munro-Bjorklund â€Å"Popular Cultural Images of Criminals and Prisoners since Attica† Social Justice, Vol. 18, No. 3 (45), Attica: 1971—1991 A Commemorative Issue (Fall 1991), pp. 48-70 This journal focuses on the popular culture images that been shaped after the Attica Riot. It argues that the misunderstanding of the prisoner had been changed since the uprising, and media is also a force that pushes the prisons into reform. Because of stereotype, or the popular cultural images of the prisoners, no one had paid that much attention to the prisoners before the increasing exposure of the real â€Å"prisoners’ life† after the Attica Riot. The description of the popular cultural images of the prisoners in Attica is really a good resource to use. This resource is mainly a statement of the prisoners’ image. I do not need to describe the change of the images because I am focusing on the law changes, so nothing will be quoted, but it makes me think in a new way: The affection of exposure from the public or social media. George Edwards, â€Å"Foreword: Penitentiaries Produce No Penitents† forward-penitentiaries produce no penitents, 63 J. Crim. L. Criminology& Police Scl. 159(1972): 154-161   This journal focused on how the social media have done to help the colored people inside the US penal system by using the example of the media affection of the Attica Riot. It focuses on and the cultural images that shape the stereotype of the black people so that they are isolated from â€Å"us†. The prisoners’ lives in the prisons have become more transparent through the social media after the Attica Riot when the social media have paid attention to them and cover more about them. Social media is condemning the brutal treatment to the prisoners and the injustice of the sentence through different ways. This paper is searched after the previous one, it is a good resource for seeing how the social media had pushed the State to change their correctional method and give back prisoners’ civil rights. Willi The Naturalization Act of 1790 am L. Wilbanks The report of the commission on Attica, 37 Fed. Probation 3 (1973): 3-5 This is a prime summery of the national commission report of the Attica Riot published on September 13,1972. It briefly summarized and explained what is the Attica Riot, recorded the cause of it, reported the negotiation of it, and analyzed the assault and the aftermath of it. The main highlight of the riot from the report is that it happened at a time when the prison was about to reform for better, and the violent assault was because the prison inmate was asking for general pardon, but the government refused so, yet the result was still inhumane. This report is brief and comprehensive; it is providing background information for the public to get the general idea of the riot. Part of it can be quoted for a prof of inhumane treatment after the uprising. Gerald Benjamin and Stephen P. Rappaport, Attica and Prison Reform, Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 3, Governing New York State: The Rockefeller Years (May, 1974), pp. 200-213 This journal focuses on reporting the details of the negotiation and the assault of the Attica Riot. Informing us assault is because of the failure of the negotiation. This journal also mentioned that the riot happened when the reform was just about to be taken into practice. After the riot, the reform began, including the facilities change and the treatment changes. Changes are based on the fund from federal and the State, though something still needs to be change, it was already a big step. It is also showing some significant changes such as the change in the employment of the facilities from all whites to Latinos, the shortened time of locking. Though this journal is really detail, I need to quote the changes of laws rather than just physical changes in this piece. Angela Y. Davis: Are Prisons Obsolete? Seven Stories Press New York, 2003: 10-19, 84-104 Chapter 1 introduces us with an idea of prison reform, which gains the majority supports of the public and it is also the reason for the Attica Riot. It also reveals the idea that not many people outside the prison are willing to think about the life inside the prison, which is going to be a support of why I said that there is not that much attention had been paid for prison treatment. Chapter 5 tells us how a mass of private companies and industries are gaining a lot of profit from the prisoners so that prisoners are not gaining what they are supposed to be gained. Both chapters are supporting the idea of why prisons should be paid attention and be reformed. Thought the industrial complex of the prison is written recently rather than the immediate fact, I would use them as reference of things that haven’t been improved after the riot. Bruce Burgett and Glenn Hendler, Keywords for American Cultural Studies, New York University Press, 2007: 37-42 This piece gives readers a brief history from the ancient Greek to now of how Citizenship has come to its status in the United State. The civil rights have been violated by the sovereignty, but finally came to equality through the push of institutions, religions, as well as civil movements. This piece also introduces us that how the technology and transportations are important to a new understanding of citizenship. This piece is important for analyzing the prison rights because I am writing through the prospect that prison inmates are also citizens, that they should have the same rights as those normal citizens, but prisoners’ rights are somehow always been valid or even ignored by the U.S. penal system. This article helps to define the citizen in my paper. Jael Silliman and Anannya Bhattacharjee, Policing the National Body Sex, Race, and Criminalization, South End Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002: 1-48 Chapter one gives us a general idea on how the US penal apparatus has been enforced by the participation of multiple â€Å"relevant† institutions. It is showing audiences how those institutional officers themselves are offending the laws but still act as a law executive, and how they use the name of immigration law to violate the rights, especially the rights of the women with colors, they offence their bodies, and use them to incarcerate colored men. This helps to analysis the female prison treatments in recent time. Though it is a good example to show the violation of the civil rights but it might be a little different from the topic that I am writing about because it is mainly focused on the recent time and the immigration laws. Dylan Rodriguez, Forced Passages, Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, London, 2006 This chapter focuses on the formation of the key word: The War. Though the war is supposedly be the conflict between states, the writer tells readers that the U.S. government is using the war zone as a way to control the citizens. It talks about how the power is contributed through the use of the prison regime. I would like to quote the history of the prison regime to inform that the prison today has a slavery background and that is what makes the rights of prisoners been blurred so reasonably. U.S. Naturalization Act of 1790, The Transcript of 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865) The naturalization act is the fundamental act to the U.S. citizens. It indicated that free white of good moral character that had lived in the U.S. for two years and swore allegiance. It can be used as a historical accordant to the descriptions of the history of the prison regime. The 13th amendment establishes birthright of citizenship due process and equal protection, formally extends citizenship to newly freed, black men. Both of these laws can be use as track of the citizenship as proves of the inequality of the civil laws roots. Abstract Citizenship refers to the link between state and person who lives in. Citizens by broad should be within the link and should be someone who lives in the sate. Prisoners as a special type of citizen are supposed to have the same civil rights and be protected by the same laws, yet their circumstances put them into a situation where their rights are violated constantly with or without justice. Prison treatments in the US, can been seen as a significant example of the violation of the prisoners’ civil rights. It has never been paid attentions until the four-day uprising in the Attica Correctional Facility burst out in 1971. Attica Riot was the most violent riot in the entire U.S. history. Through out the uprising, many inhumane treatments of the prisoners have been revealed through the exposure of the social media. As a curiosity on the affects of prison uprisings on the New York State government, this paper is going to discover some significant changes that had been made by the New York State immediately after the riot through the aftermath negotiation of the Attica riot to indicate that the prisoner rights are still not have been treated rightly.

English investigation Essay

Introduction: For this project I am going to analyse how women and men behave when using language in casual situations? There have been many previous research finding and conclusions about gender and conversational behaviour. For example Jennifer Coates identified two approaches, which she describes as dominance and difference. Jennifer Coates was a writer to wrote about the language differences between men and women. Dominance argues that because women occupy a less powerful position in society than men, their constitutional behaviour is less assertive and less confident. Men are dominant within society, so it is not surprising that they tend to dominate mixed sex conversations. Women are said to be used to male dominance, and as a result of social conditioning will often be polite and respectful when speaking to men. Whereas the idea of difference is where the focus is more on differences in male and female attitudes and values, that are said to be inculcated from childhood, when we form, and are influenced by, single sex peer groups. Studies of children’s play have found that in boy’s games there is more emphasis on competition and confrontation, while girl’s games are more cooperative. In adulthood, women’s talk often focuses on personal feelings and problems and this helps to explain why their approach to conversation is more sympathetic and supportive. Also this Description of Data: My data consists of three transcripts; one, which took place in a college canteen between four girls meaning it, was very informal and casual. My second transcript took place on a college field while three boys were watching a game of football played by fellow peers. They discussed the game and also had background conversations. My third transcript is of three girls talking about the world cup football match very briefly while talking more about football and surrounding topics. I felt that my first transcript I recorded was not sufficient enough to be analysed well and in detail, I therefore recorded a further transcript to increase my data and to make a more intricate analysis. Aims: The aim of my investigation is to find out to what extent are there significant differences in the ways that men and women behave on conversation. Methodology: For my investigation I collected three transcripts; I did this, as this is the most effective way of collecting sufficient data that I would be able to analyse for my specific subject. I am going to look at how women talk in casual situations looking at aspects that expert researchers have found such as Jennie Coates, she found two approaches based on the ideas of dominance and difference which I will look at and try to find out to what extent do my transcripts prove this. I will also look at cooperation and competition as the experts have found that boys seem to be more competitive when using language whereas girls seem to be more co operative, even though this research was proved by using children as examples I would still like to see if it is still the case when men and woman are older and to what extent they still either are competitive or cooperative when using language. As well as looking as what the experts have found I am also going to look at the role played by the speakers in my transcript and relate it too attitudes and values as well as educational background, which is pretty much the same for each speaker as they all go to the some college. I will also look into the social class of the speakers. I will look at the status, purpose, context and audience for each transcript and analyse each topic accordingly. I am also going to look at the 6 frameworks – lexis, semantics, phonology, graphology, grammar, discourse, pragmatics and the sociolinguistics which has been defines as the study of language in its social context. Analysis: First of all I am going to analyse the context of my data. The first transcript is between four friends occasionally five when they contribute to the conversation. The conversation is very informal and very casual with no real meaning or purpose except for socialising during break time, which means the conversation is quite forced to some extent even though they were talking about what they liked to talk about. All the women contributed equally I would say; to the conversation. Although women are characteristically and socially known for being quite capable and good at making conversation there is not a lot of prove from the experts or researchers that suggests that males do not make conversation or are any less capable. Therefore when looking at the men’s conversation I saw that they were just as able and good at making conversation. The men’s conversation was between three people occasionally four or five when they contributed to the conversation. This conversation was also very informal and casual and was also something that the men wanted to talk about. In the conversation you can see that between them there is one more dominant male who tends to initiate conversation and interrupt or overlap other speakers also could be know as holding the floor. However I researched about dominance in conversation and read, â€Å"you just don’t understand- men and women in conversation† by Deborah Tanning and she said â€Å"claiming that interruption is a sign of dominance assumes that conversation is an activity in which one speaker speaks at a time, but this reflects ideology more than practice. She also said that she recorded conversations in which many voices were heard at once and it was clear that everyone was having a good time. She then asked people of their impressions of the conversation and they said they had enjoyed themselves. However when she played the tape back they were embarrassed about their conversational style. Which suggests that when people being female or male do dominate the conversation they maybe don’t realise they are doing it. I also found that in my other female conversation between three girls there was one slightly more dominant participant mainly due to her personality, however it was also in most cases successful cooperative over lapping as the over lapping is positive and as Deborah tanning says in her book † the overlaps are cooperative because they do not change the topic but elaborate on it. However in my male conversation there is unsuccessful cooperative overlapping as for example when a participant says he had England trials† (referring to a friend out side the conversation) another participant says â€Å"yer but don’t he look like peter pan† which is quite negative and stops the conversation which is a negative response that does not enable the conversation to carry on without changing the topic. In one of my transcripts where the four or five female participants are talking on participant says, â€Å"Err she looks really bad† (referring to a celebrity in a magazine that looks rough) by saying the word â€Å"really† she is intensifying what she is saying. In my other transcripts there are two examples of women using intensifiers, one where a participant says, â€Å"she’s really pretty† and another when a participant says â€Å"well I think peter crouch is actually quite really cute† Robin Lakoff published an influential account of women’s language. In a related article she published a set of basic assumptions about what marks out the language of women. Among these assumptions were the use of intensifiers especially the words ‘so’ and ‘very’ for example † I’m so glad to see you† I found intensifiers within my female transcripts but none in my male transcripts. However as my transcripts were quite short and the time I had to collect my data was limited if I had more data I could have compared this more fairly to get better and faired results. Zimmerman and West (1915) taped informal conversations between students in coffee bars, shops and other public places. They found that women talk about ‘feelings’ whereas men talk more about ‘things’. Women conversation is often focused on personal experiences, relationships and problems. The topic of male conversation tends to be more concrete, relating to information, facts objects and activities. And from my own experiences these finding are accurate but also my data could also suggest this as well, for example in my females transcripts there is reference to a personal experience that doesn’t really play a part in the structure of the conversation, it is quite random. The participant says † Rory always corrects my spelling its well annoying on msn he always like types things in a little star and then says correct spelling† the participate gets interrupted while saying this as it is nothing to do with the conversation. Also in my transcript I can see that men use more taboo language than women do for example in my male conversation one participant says â€Å"fucking legend† whereas in my female conversation there was no swearing words used. However as my transcripts were quite short they do not relate to all females.

Gender Roles in “Their Eyes Were Watching God” Essay

During the 1900’s, women, specifically black women, were considered to be property of men in the United States, especially down south, in states such as Florida and Georgia. Legally, women had no voice. For example, if a woman was abused by her husband, the court system would not acknowledge it even if it did really happen. In the article â€Å"Sexism in the Early 1900’s†, Becca Woltemath states that â€Å"†¦a woman’s job is to take care of the house and to bear children. She’s no good for anything else. She’s just a simple thinker.† Women were forced into submission and there was nothing they could do about it. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston shows the issue of gender roles through the story of a young woman named Janie, who struggles through an arranged marriage. Through multiple characters, as well as the plot, sexism comes to the surface. As soon as the novel begins, it is evident the roles of men and women play a very big part in this novel: â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever†¦Now, women forget all those things they don’t want to remember, and remember everything they don’t want to forget† (Hurston 1). In this opening paragraph of Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston compares the wishes and dreams of men and women in a particularly interesting way. By using the sea as a symbol, she is saying that men can never really control their dreams, just wait for them to come true. While women on the other hand, can take their dreams into their own hands, molding them as they see fit. Making this comparison establishes the theme of gender difference throughout the novel, and ultimately foreshadows the fact that Janie is going to struggle, yet will stop at nothing to achieve what she sets her mind to. After first setting the tone, Nanny is introduced. Her traditional values of womanly roles such as cooking and cleaning lead us to believe that Janie will be the same way. But when Janie kisses Johnny Taylor, her view of men changes after seeing â€Å"a dust-bearing bee sink into the sanctum of a bloom; the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree from root to tiniest branch creaming in every blossom and frothing with delight. So this was a marriage! She had been summoned to  behold a revelation† (Hurston 11). This paragraph is one of the most important, if not the most, in the whole book. Comparing love to the relationship between a bee and its flower, Janie suddenly craves, love, passion, and above all, someone she can consider her equal. Unfortunately, though, equality was a foreign concept during this time period. Men were seen as â€Å"all-powerful†, considered the sole providers and the only ones allowed to hold any sort of office or high-status job. Women, on the other hand, were the complete opposite. In an article written by Dorothy W. Hartman, a historian, she states: Women’s God-given role, it stated, was as wife and mother, keeper of the household â€Å"Women’s God-given role, it stated, was as wife and mother, keeper of the household†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Many people, including blacks, believed in this sort of household: the men being on top, with the women considered far inferior. In Janie’s first relationship, it is clear this is not the equality she has hoped for. Logan Killicks- an elderly, black man her grandmother has arranged for her to marry- treats Janie like a servant and not like a wife at all. There is no love present, and every day is a chore. Even though Nanny knows Janie is not happy, she insists the marriage is a good one: â€Å"’Heah yo is wid de onliest organ in town, amonst colored folks, in yo’ parlow. Got a house bought and paid for and sixty acres uh land right on de big road†¦Lawd have mussy! Dat’s de very prong all us black women gits hung on’† (Hurston 23). In Nanny’s speech, Hurston is trying to emphasize that the female’s only role is to marry and look good, and let the man do all the work. Also in her article, Hartman says that â€Å"†¦due to the fact that the man was almost always working, little room was left to develop a connection between husband and wife; love was a foreign concept.†, which describes what Janie and Logan have together exactly. Despite being given all she should want, Janie seeks more. When Joe â€Å"Jody† Starks appears out of nowhere, Janie feels like her dreams have finally come true. But after a while, the marriage turns out to be little more than the stint with Killicks. Starks, like Killicks, treats her as property and not as someone he actually loves. One example is how Jody makes Janie put her hair up in a wrap while working in the store, rather  than leave it down. Another is when he publicly criticizes her appearance, saying she is starting to show her age, when he is clearly at least ten years older: â€Å"’ You ain’t no young courtin’ gal. You’se uh old woman, nearly fourty’† (Hurston 79). Joe feels the need to tear down Janie, in order to make himself feel more important, which was an important part of being a man during this time. By reading the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, one could immediately pick up on the difference gender played during the late 1800’s and into the early 1900’s. While women were expected to stay at home and clean and take care of children, men worked to provide for their families and were considered far superior. While these prejudices have slowly gotten better over time, most of them still exist to a small extent in today’s society. Through the characters’ attitudes and narratives, especially Janie’s relationships, and the society’s feelings as a whole, Their Eyes Were Watching God clearly displays the social issues of sexism and gender roles. Works Cited Hartman, Dorothy W. â€Å"Women’s Roles in the Late 19th Century.† Conner Prairie Interactive History Park. Conner Prairie, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Perennial Library, 1990. Print. Woltemath, Becca. â€Å"Sexism in the Early 1900s.†Worldbook Encyclopedia. Worldbook, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.

Mona Lisa Reflection Essay

To be honest I have never been much of an artsy kind of person. My major is history and I just never thought art as such a significant thing until now. The painting I find myself most interested in is the Mona Lisa. As it is probably the most valuable and most popular painting in today’s modern time, I find it very interesting that nobody really knows who the women is in the Mona Lisa and why paint it in the first place? I think the skeptics of the painting is what drives me to like it so much. I mean you have this painting of what is supposed to be a women in Italy around the 18th century and you see this nice glowing smile, but in the back ground it almost looks like Armageddon. I mean as far I know Leonardo Di Vinci wasn’t a very dark or Dominic man. I mean this guy painted the famous last supper. If you look at this painting you would almost think of it as a man with female qualities. There have been skeptics saying that Da Vinci made a self-portrait of him as a women, but nobody knows. That eerie feeling that nobody does know makes you think so much about it. It’s this painting along with a couple others that Da Vinci did that got me interested in taking art history especially around the time of the Renaissance. I figured since I am already a history major that maybe understanding why art has such an impact on today’s society will help me see a more rounded view of certain topics in history like the Renaissance. Which was the time that Mona Lisa was painted and the time where culture is just booming and you have all these other great artists at the time. You know my biggest question is who are these artists why are they painting such portraits and why does art have such an impact? By learning the reasoning behind this maybe it will help me get a better grasp on other things in history during this time.

CIS 333 Week 10Technical Project Paper Coursework

CIS 333 Week 10Technical Project Paper - Coursework Example Both dangers and vulnerabilities need to be considered simultaneously. Dangers can give harm to the confidentiality, accessibility and uprightness of information present in the data frameworks. They investigate opportunities for security breaches to cause classified information intrusion by means of unapproved access, amendment of information, removal of data from data frameworks. Threats can hit the pharmacy system from different sources. These threats are confidential on the parameters of distinctive capacities and methodology including outer approaches by cyber-crimes, hackers, terrorists. For taking care of dangers of diverse nature for the pharmacy, distinctive risk alleviation and control techniques are needed in the connection of securing the organized information systems. Vulnerabilities are the shortcomings which are exhibited in the framework against the current dangers. Vulnerabilities can be recognized as security loop holes in the framework. If hackers discover these loop holes in the framework, results are wrecking including unauthorized access, revision or complete cancellation of the framework. A recent example is the hacking of wiki leaks site which affected the entire world furthermore influenced strategic and financial relations between nations as different classified documents were spilled out from the site. Vulnerabilities are fruitful be cause of approach shortcomings, deficient usage of security framework, and information of individual issues. For recognizing any conceivable threats, testing of the security framework including system parts, hardware and software is essential which may happen later on. The risk is characterized as the probability of diverse dangers by means of distinctive circumstances, which are influencing the system and data frameworks. The circumstances ought to consider the system,

Misbehavior and its effects on education Research Paper

Misbehavior and its effects on education - Research Paper Example Children are in the process of growth and development in both mind and body and are bound to try and explore their environment for learning about. During the course of learning, they exhibit behavior, some which is acceptable and some not acceptable. There are many contributing factors for child misbehavior and reasons why they behave in the way they do. Some of the primary contributing factors that lead to this behavior in children at school are poor socio- economic background, conflict in the family brought about by divorce and alcohol and drug abuse and in cases of minority groups that are segregated and discriminated in society. It is mostly children who come from such backgrounds that are troublesome and misbehave in school. Sometimes when children are very tired, hungry or ill misbehave for a temporary period. However, long term misbehavior does not fall under this category because of the complexity involved. Children could also misbehave when they feel bad they are not in cont rol of the situation. In such cases they try to retaliate and take revenge for their satisfaction. In such situations the child lacks maturity and is unable to handle the situation and so exhibits poor behavior. Self esteem and confidence play major roles in the life of a child and when it is lacking there is bound to be disciplinary problems. Craving for attention is another spoke in the wheel of good behavior and when children do not get the attention they deserve, they resort to different ways in order to either gain attention or divert ones attention to keeping a check on their behavior. Misbehavior in the true sense of the word occurs when a child â€Å"chooses† to misbehave. Poor discipline or misbehavior results in poor learning outcomes. Therefore, if the teacher needs the child to do better academically, then the forst place to start the intervention would be to check the student’s behavior from the onset. Not completing one’s homework, absenting onesel f from school or been inattentive in the classroom, leads to less acquiring of knowledge and further behavioral problems. In such a scenario, the teacher plays a pivotal role in the life of the child and through counseling and other strategies should try their best to get the child back on the right track. Prevention of Misbehavior The first step towards teaching a child good behavior is by explaining and making them understand that bad behavior is inappropriate and unacceptable. Timely interventions when teaching a child how to behave in the right manner is indispensable. In case, the child lacks confidence and self esteem, the teacher could play a major role in the child’s life by providing him good opportunities to give expression to his work, thereby making the child more confident about himself. For children who crave attention by misbehaving, the teacher could spare some time and listen to the child’s problems and provide a portent platform for the child to get t he attention he needs. Children who come from homes where the parents are divorced should be given proper counseling in order to learn coping strategies that would help them along in their own lives. Single parent children who misbehave should be advised by the teacher on how to cope with the problems at home and make adjustments by accepting their single parent status. Teachers could act as guiding lights for parents who are alcoholic and see that they go in for therapy to bring about a change in